Which agency is primarily responsible for enforcing the Military Munitions Rule?

The correct answer is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because this agency is tasked with enforcing regulations related to environmental protection, including the management of hazardous waste related to military munitions. The Military Munitions Rule was established to clarify the status of military munitions and ensure they are managed in compliance with federal environmental laws. The EPA oversees the implementation of these regulations to safeguard public health and the environment.

The Department of Defense focuses on military operations and readiness, rather than the enforcement of environmental regulations. The Department of Homeland Security is primarily concerned with national security and emergency management, while the National Guard Bureau deals with the administration and support of state National Guard units, not the enforcement of environmental laws. Hence, the role of the EPA is central to ensuring that military munitions are handled in an environmentally sound manner.